Configuring Cisco Site to Site IPSec VPN with Dynamic IP Endpoint Cisco Routers This article serves as an extension to our popular Cisco VPN topics covered here on Firewall. While we’ve covered Site to Site IPSec VPN Tunnel Between Cisco Routers (using static public IP addresses), we will now take a look on how to configure our headquarter Cisco router to support remote Cisco routers with dynamic IP addresses. One important note to keep in mind when it comes to this implementation, is that Site- to- Site VPN networks with Dynamic remote Public IP addresses can only be brought up by the remote site routers as only they are aware of the headquarter's router Public IP address. IPSec VPN tunnels can also be configured using GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) Tunnels with IPsec encryption. GRE tunnels greatly simply the configuration and administration of VPN tunnels and are covered in our Configuring Point- to- Point GRE VPN Tunnels article.
Lastly, DMVPNs – a new VPN trend that provide outstanding flexibility and almost no administration overhead can also be examined by reading our Understanding Cisco Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN), Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) Deployment Models & Architectures and Configuring Cisco Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) - Hub, Spokes , m. GRE Protection and Routing - DMVPN Configuration articles. ISAKMP (Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol) and IPSec are essential to building and encrypting the VPN tunnel. ISAKMP, also called IKE (Internet Key Exchange), is the negotiation protocol that allows two hosts to agree on how to build an IPsec security association.
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ISAKMP negotiation consists of two phases: Phase 1 and Phase 2. Phase 1 creates the first tunnel, which protects later ISAKMP negotiation messages.
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Phase 2 creates the tunnel that protects data. IPSec then comes into play to encrypt the data using encryption algorithms and provides authentication, encryption and anti- replay services. IPSec VPN Requirements. To help make this an easy- to- follow exercise, we have split it into two required steps to get the Site- to- Site IPSec Dynamic IP Endpoint VPN Tunnel to work. These steps are: (1) Configure ISAKMP (ISAKMP Phase 1)(2) Configure IPSec (ISAKMP Phase 2, ACLs, Crypto MAP)Our example setup consists of the headquarter router R1 which is assigned a static public IP address, and two remote routers, R2 & R3. Both remote routers (R2 & R3) connect to the Internet and have a dynamic public IP address assigned by the ISP, as shown in the diagram below: Our Headquarters is assigned an internal network of 1.
Remote Site 1 has been assigned network 2. Remote Site 2 network 3. The goal is to securely connect both remote sites with our headquarters and allow full communication, without any restrictions. Configure ISAKMP (IKE) - (ISAKMP Phase 1)IKE exists only to establish SAs (Security Association) for IPsec. Before it can do this, IKE must negotiate an SA (an ISAKMP SA) relationship with the peer. To begin, we’ll start working on the Headquarter router (R1).
First step is to configure an ISAKMP Phase 1 policy: crypto isakmp policy 1 encr 3des hash md. The above commands define the following (in listed order): 3. DES - The encryption method to be used for Phase 1.
MD5 - The hashing algorithm. Pre- share - Use Pre- shared key as the authentication method. Group 2 - Diffie- Hellman group to be used.
Session key lifetime. Expressed in either kilobytes (after x- amount of traffic, change the key) or seconds. Value set is the default value. We should note that ISAKMP Phase 1 policy is defined globally.
This means that if we have five different remote sites and configured five different ISAKMP Phase 1 policies (one for each remote router), when our router tries to negotiate a VPN tunnel with each site it will send all five policies and use the first match that is accepted by both ends. Since we only have one ISAKMP policy, this will be used for all remote VPN routers. Next we are going to define a pre- shared key for authentication with our peers (R2 & R3 routers) by using the following command: crypto isakmp key firewallcx address 0. The peers pre- shared key is set to firewallcx and note that we are defining a remote public IP address of 0. This tells our headquarter router that the remote routers have dynamic public IP addresses and ensures it will try to negotiate and establish a VPN tunnel with any router that requests it.
Configure IPSec. To configure IPSec we need to setup the following in order: - Create extended ACL- Create IPSec Transform- Create Dynamic Crypto Maps- Apply crypto map to the public interface. Let us examine each of the above steps. Creating Extended ACLNext step is to create an access- list and define the traffic we would like the router to pass through each VPN tunnel. In this example, for the first VPN tunnel it would be traffic from headquarters (1.
VPN tunnel it will be from our headquarters (1. Access- lists that define VPN traffic are sometimes called crypto access- list or interesting traffic access- list.
Because we are dealing with two separate VPN tunnels, we’ll need to create one set of access- lists for each: ip access- list extended VPN1- TRAFFICpermit ip 1. VPN2- TRAFFIC permit ip 1. Create IPSec Transform (ISAKMP Phase 2 policy)Now we need to create the transform set used to protect our data. We’ve named our transform set TS: crypto ipsec transform- set TS esp- 3des esp- md. The above command defines the following: - ESP- 3.
DES - Encryption method- MD5 - Hashing algorithm. Create Dynamic Crypto Maps.
The Crypto Map is the last step of our setup and connects the previously defined ISAKMP and IPSec configuration together. We will need one dynamic crypto map for each remote endpoint, which means a total of two crypto maps for our setup. First we create a crypto map named VPN which will be applied to the public interface of our headquarter router, and connect it with the dynamic crypto maps we named as hq- vpn.
VPN 1 ipsec- isakmp dynamic hq- vpn. The ipsec- isakmp tag tells the router that this crypto map is an IPsec crypto map. Now we create our two dynamic crypto maps using the following configuration commands: crypto dynamic- map hq- vpn 1. TS match address VPN1- TRAFFIC! TS match address VPN2- TRAFFICNotice how we create one dynamic map for each remote network. The configuration is similar for each dynamic crypto map, with only the instance number (1. VPN1- TRAFFIC , VPN2- TRAFFIC) changing.
Adding additional remote sites in the future is as easy as simply adding more dynamic crypto maps, incrementing the index number and specifying the match address extended access- lists for each remote network. Apply Crypto Map to the Public Interface. The final step is to apply our crypto map to the public interface of the headquarter router, which is Fast. Ethernet. 0/1. In many cases, this might be a serial or ATM (ADSL - Dialer) interface: interface Fast. Ethernet. 0/1 crypto map VPNNote that you can assign only one crypto map to an interface. As soon as we apply crypto map on the interface, we receive a message from the router that confirms isakmp is on: “ISAKMP is ON”.
At this point, we have completed the IPSec VPN configuration on our headquarter router and we can move to the remote endpoint routers. Configuring Remote Endpoint Routers (Dynamic Public IP Addresses)Our remote routers connect to the Internet and are assigned a dynamic IP address which changes periodically by the ISP. In most part, the configuration is similar to that of the headquarter router, but with a few minor changes. In the configuration below, IP address 7. IP address of our headquarter router. Remote Site 1 Routercrypto isakmp policy 1 encr 3des.
VPN- TRAFFIC permit ip 2. TS esp- 3des esp- md. TS match address VPN- TRAFFIC! Fast. Ethernet. 0/1 crypto map vpn- to- hq.
Remote Site 2 Routercrypto isakmp policy 1encr 3deshash md. VPN- TRAFFICpermit ip 3. TS esp- 3des esp- md.
TSmatch address VPN- TRAFFIC! Fast. Ethernet. 0/1crypto map vpn- to- hq. It is noticeable that the only major difference between the two routers configuration is the extended access list. Network Address Translation (NAT) and IPSec VPN Tunnels. Network Address Translation (NAT) is most likely to be configured to provide Internet access to internal hosts. When configuring a Site- to- Site VPN tunnel, it is imperative to instruct the router not to perform NAT (deny NAT) on packets destined to the remote VPN networks.
Cisco PIX - Wikipedia. Cisco PIX (Private Internet e.
Xchange) was a popular IPfirewall and network address translation (NAT) appliance. It was one of the first products in this market segment. In 2. 00. 5, Cisco introduced the newer Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (Cisco ASA), that inherited many of the PIX features, and in 2. PIX end- of- sale. The PIX technology was sold in a blade, the Fire.
Wall Services Module (FWSM), for the Cisco Catalyst 6. Router series, but has reached end of support status as of September 2. History[edit]PIX was originally conceived in early 1. John Mayes of Redwood City, California and designed and coded by Brantley Coile of Athens, Georgia. The PIX name is derived from its creators' aim of creating the functional equivalent of an IP PBX to solve the then- emerging registered IP address shortage.
At a time when NAT was just being investigated as a viable approach, they wanted to conceal a block or blocks of IP addresses behind a single or multiple registered IP addresses, much as PBXs do for internal phone extensions. When they began, RFC 1. RFC 1. 63. 1 were being discussed, but the now- familiar RFC 1. The design, and testing were carried out in 1. John Mayes, Brantley Coile and Johnson Wu of Network Translation, Inc., with Brantley Coile being the sole software developer. Beta testing of PIX serial number 0.
December 2. 1, 1. KLA Instruments in San Jose, California.
The PIX quickly became one of the leading enterprise firewall products and was awarded the Data Communications Magazine "Hot Product of the Year" award in January 1. Shortly before Cisco acquired Network Translation in November 1. Mayes and Coile hired two longtime associates, Richard (Chip) Howes and Pete Tenereillo, and shortly after acquisition 2 more longtime associates, Jim Jordan and Tom Bohannon. Together they continued development on Finesse OS and the original version of the Cisco PIX Firewall, now known as the PIX "Classic". During this time, the PIX shared most of its code with another Cisco product, the Local. Director. On January 2. Cisco announced the end- of- sale and end- of- life dates for all Cisco PIX Security Appliances, software, accessories, and licenses.
The last day for purchasing Cisco PIX Security Appliance platforms and bundles was July 2. The last day to purchase accessories and licenses was January 2. Cisco ended support for Cisco PIX Security Appliance customers on July 2. In May 2. 00. 5, Cisco introduced the ASA which combines functionality from the PIX, VPN 3.
IPS product lines. The ASA series of devices run PIX code 7. Through PIX OS release 7. PIX and the ASA use the same software images. Beginning with PIX OS version 8.
ASA using a Linux kernel and PIX continuing to use the traditional Finesse/PIX OS combination.[4]Software[edit]The PIX runs a custom- written proprietary operating system originally called Finese (Fast Internet Service Executive), but as of 2. PIX OS. Though classified as a network- layer firewall with stateful inspection, technically the PIX would more precisely be called a Layer 4, or Transport Layer Firewall, as its access is not restricted to Network Layer routing, but socket- based connections (a port and an IP Address: port communications occur at Layer 4).
By default it allows internal connections out (outbound traffic), and only allows inbound traffic that is a response to a valid request or is allowed by an Access Control List (ACL) or by a conduit. Administrators can configure the PIX to perform many functions including network address translation (NAT) and port address translation (PAT), as well as serving as a virtual private network (VPN) endpoint appliance. The PIX became the first commercially available firewall product to introduce protocol specific filtering with the introduction of the "fixup" command. The PIX "fixup" capability allows the firewall to apply additional security policies to connections identified as using specific protocols. Protocols for which specific fixup behaviors were developed include DNS and SMTP. The DNS fixup originally implemented a very simple but effective security policy; it allowed just one DNS response from a DNS server on the Internet (known as outside interface) for each DNS request from a client on the protected (known as inside) interface. Inspect" has superseded "fixup" in later versions of PIX OS.
The Cisco PIX was also one of the first commercially available security appliances to incorporate IPSec VPN gateway functionality. Administrators can manage the PIX via a command line interface (CLI) or via a graphical user interface (GUI). They can access the CLI from the serial console, telnet and SSH. GUI administration originated with version 4. PIX Firewall Manager (PFM) for PIX OS versions 4. Windows NT client.
PIX Device Manager (PDM) for PIX OS version 6. Java. Adaptive Security Device Manager (ASDM) for PIX OS version 7 and greater, which can run locally on a client or in reduced- functionality mode over HTTPS. Examples of emulators include PEMU and Dynagen, and with Network. Sims. com Prof. SIMs (Networksims) for a simulator.
Because Cisco acquired the PIX from Network Translation, the CLI originally did not align with the Cisco IOS syntax. Starting with version 7. IOS- like. As the PIX only supports IP traffic (as opposed to IPX, DECNet, etc.), in most configuration commands "ip" is omitted.
The configuration is upwards- compatible, but not downwards- compatible. When a 5. x or 6.
ACLs, versus conduits and "outbounds". This allows for an easy migration from PIX to ASA. PIX OS v. 7. 0 is only supported on models 5. E), 5. 25 and 5. 35.
Although the 5. 01 and 5. E are relatively recent models, the flash memory size of only 8 MB prevents official upgrading to version 7.
E using monitor mode up to version 7. The 8 MB flash size only allows for installation of the PIX OS software, not the ASDM software (GUI). For the PIX 5. 15(E) to run version > 7.
MB for restricted and 6. MB for Unrestricted/Failover licenses). A 5. 15(E) UR/FO can run 7. MB memory installed, but that is not recommended as larger configuration and session/xlate tables can exceed the available memory. Cisco ASA includes the capability of detecting and terminating connections via Dead Connection Detection (DCD).[8]Hardware[edit]. PIX 5. 15 with top cover removed. The original NTI PIX and the PIX Classic had cases that were sourced from OEM provider Appro.
All flash cards and the early encryption acceleration cards, the PIX- PL and PIX- PL2, were sourced from Productivity Enhancement Products (PEP).[9] Later models had cases from Cisco OEM manufacturers. The PIX was constructed using Intel- based/Intel- compatible motherboards; the PIX 5. AMD 5x. 86 processor, and all other standalone models used Intel 8.
Pentium III processors. Nearly all PIXs used Ethernet. NICs with Intel 8. COM 3c. 59. 0 and 3c. Ethernet cards, Olicom- based Token- Ring cards, and Interphase- based FDDI cards. Some Intel- based Ethernet cards for the PIX are identified at boot with the designation "mcwa" (Multi Cast Work Around).
This designation denotes a multicast receive bug in the card's firmware. Both the PIX 5. 10 and 5. NICs, flash cards, etc., with the Cisco Local. Director 4. 16/4. Service Selector Gateway 6.
SSG- 6. 51. 0), and the Cisco Cache Engine CE2. Vx. Works, rather than a Finesse derivative. The PIX boots off a proprietary ISAflash memorydaughtercard in the case of the NTI PIX, PIX Classic, 1. PIX 5. 01, 5. 06/5. WS- SVC- FWM- 1- K9. The latter is the part code for the PIX technology implemented in the Fire Wall Services Module, for the Catalyst 6. Router. The PIX5.
PCI- X 6. 6 MHz/6. This results in a much higher cleartext throughput, as the PCI bus is no longer the bottleneck (the PCI bus is 3. MHz and 3. 2 bits, resulting in maximum throughput of 1.
GBit without overhead taken in account). As the lower Cisco ASA models use a PCI bus, the PIX5. ASA, until the introduction of the ASA5. Specifications[edit]Latest models. Model. 50. 15. 06e. FWSMIntroduced. 20. Discontinued. 20.
CPU type. AMDSC5. Intel. Celeron(Mendocino SL3. A)[2]Intel. Celeron(Mendocino SL3. BA)[3]Intel. Pentium III(Coppermine)[4]Intel. Pentium III(Coppermine)One Intel Pentium III and three IBM 4.
GS3 Power. NP network processors. CPU speed. 13. 3 MHz.
MHz. 43. 3 MHz. 60. MHz. 1 GHz. 1 GHz. Chipset. AMDSC5. 20. Intel. 44. 0BXSeattle.
Intel. 44. 0BXSeattle. Intel. 44. 0BXSeattle. Broadcom. Serverworks. RCC ? Default RAM1. MB[5]3. 2 MB6. 4 (1.
MB [6]1. 28 (2. 56) MB[7]5. MB[8]1 GBBoot flash device. Onboard. Onboard. Onboard. Onboard.